I think like using ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB, CTR, and XTS modes when encrypting with AES. Theses block cipher modes ensure confidentiality but they do not protect against malicious tampering. Someone can delete part of the encrypted message and it would still decrypt ok, giving the false impression that it's the original message. If I send you an encrypted message, "sell all IBM shares when price hits 120," and it's truncated to "sell all IBM shares," that would be disastrous.
Adding HMAC/CMAC/GMAC authentication code helps to mitigate tampering.
Newer block cipher modes like CCM, GCM, OCB, and others roll both confidentiality and authentication into one, making it much easier to use AES correctly.
I am not sure about different keys. The AES key usage is always the same for encrypting individual blocks. AES is nothing but about encrypting a single 16-byte block of data. The cipher block modes build on top of AES to span encryption over multiple blocks. Some cipher modes can take in additional parameters to customize its usage. E.g. CCM can take in 64-bit to 128-bit authentication codes.
Adding HMAC/CMAC/GMAC authentication code helps to mitigate tampering.
Newer block cipher modes like CCM, GCM, OCB, and others roll both confidentiality and authentication into one, making it much easier to use AES correctly.