I would argue it certainly does — heat/cold is comfort vs injury. Pressure is massage vs. crush injury. Trauma, I suppose, is definitionally bad. Repetitive motion is muscle mass and strength increase vs RSI. Exertion is cardiovascular health vs exhaustion. Posture, I'll give you — I don't think there's such a thing as posture that is /too/ good as long as you're staying mobile/stretching/taking breaks.

Perhaps a more intuitive way of stating it is, "Some classically bad things can be good in small or optimized doses. Some classically good things can be bad when taken to excess."

Strictly speaking yes, but I think it can be applied well enough in some cases to things like exertion/repetitive motion when thinking about specific contexts.

Running is good for you, running 20km every day for years will prematurely destroy most people's knees.

I guess applying the adage in that way makes it become a tautology though, too much is in fact, too much.

Most of which are in turn influencing biochemical processes in an organism, so I'd say the point still stands.