My uninformed guess is an RFID tag in each refill bag. The printer will scan for Genuine Authorized Original Virtuous Toner, and only then allow the fill port to open. Once open you have one hour before that tag ID is burned and can't be used further.
If this is how it works, then I don't think they'd burn a tag. People will inevitably do a partial fill or maybe even just open it up to see how it works. And if there are multiple tags, which one does it burn?
The bottles also do not appear to be one time use.
Or maybe you need to use the app and do this? (https://ssl-product-images.www8-hp.com/pub/msc/C26A0B64-54DB...)
Whatever the mechanism, reviews are not good: https://www.hp.com/us-en/shop/pdp/hp-143a-black-original-nev...