Balaji Srinivasan sees this as the future of work. There's little upside to mixing your work and personal identities and a lot of downside. I can only imagine that it would prevent the most overt forms of discrimination also.
I can honestly say I hadn't thought of it, but I think you're right. I'd love to have that layer of anonymity, as it were, at work, since I'm a completely different person on the job anyway.