Arduino has a C++ compiler, whatever the scripts are called, they are a plain C++ library.

Plenty of modern µC, e.g. ESP32, are more powerful than computers like these ones,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC1512

As exercise for the reader check the programming languages available up to MS-DOS 6.22.

It is about time to move on from the mindset that µC are only PICs with 4 KB.

It has never been a question of computing power or memory, that was already solved decades ago. It is a question of fitting the µC to the application. Price and power consumption are usually the qestions to be answered. 0,50$ or 2$ chip still makes a difference.

I think ESPXXXs usually have < 500kb ram. Still quite tight.

The ESP32 has more memory than the PC linked above.

COM executables were 64KB, and EXE could use as much as they wanted from 512 - 640 KB in multiples of 64 KB, minus the MS-DOS resident size.

Naturally stuff like HMA came later into play with MS-DOS 5, which wasn't something that MS-DOS 3.3, again from the PC above, was capable of.

Or if you prefer, I refer to what was possible with 64 - 128 KB on Timex 2068, Spectrum 128 +3A (with CP/M), Commodore 64 with GeOS,...

Which, yes games would be coded in Assembly, there was business stuff being sold and coded in BASIC, Pascal, Forth,...