>if the federal US government imposes a rule like "have scrubbers or you don't have access to our ports"
Or they just offload their cargo to a "clean" ship just outside our jurisdiction in international waters. This is how shipping companies have worked around the Jones Act for quite a while.
Or then the gov't can require certificates of non-circumvention of rules so that if they try circumvention games like this they can still be charged hefty fees.
Or they just offload their cargo to a "clean" ship just outside our jurisdiction in international waters. This is how shipping companies have worked around the Jones Act for quite a while.